1923 in aviation

January
Air Union is created by the merger of Compagnie des Messageries Aériennes (CMA) with Grands Express Aériens (CGEA).

February
The first take-off and landing on the new Japanese aircraft carrier Hōshō is made by a British pilot in a Mitsubishi 1MF.

The RAF conducts operations in Southern Iraq against uprisings led by Sheik Mahmud Barzenci.
February 1 - the Danish Army Flying Corps is established

March
Dobrolyot is formed, as the first Soviet civil aviation service. It will later become part of Aeroflot.
March 17 - the US government authorises Army aircraft to drop calcium arsenate on Louisiana's cotton fields in order to kill weevils.

April
April 10 - Daimler Airways begins the first scheduled service between London and Berlin (via Bremen and Hamburg).

April 16 - 17 - Lt John Arthur Macready and Lt Oakley Kelley establish a new endurance record, staying aloft for 36 hours 5 minutes in a Fokker T-2, covering a distance of 2,518 miles (4,052 km).

May
May 2-3 - Kelly MacReady complete the first non-stop flight from New York to Los Angeles, in 27 hours in a Fokker T-2.

May 3 - the Sikorsky Aero Engineering Corporation is formed by Igor Sikorsky at a Long Island chicken farm.

May 23 - Belgian airline SABENA is formed, adding new European routes to SNETA's routes in Belgian Congo that it takes over.

June
June 14 - New Zealand forms its first military aviation services, fore-runners of the Royal New Zealand Air Force.

July
July 19 - Czechoslovakian airline CSA commences operations.

August
August 21 - first electric Airway Beacons start appearing at US airfields, to assist in night flying operations.

August 28 - Lt John Richter and Lowell Smith establish a new endurance record of 37 hours 15 minutes in an Airco DH.4, covering 3,293 miles (5,299 km). They are refueled fifteen times during the flight.

September
September 5 - US Army bombers carry out anti-shipping exercises, sinking the obsolete battleships USS Virginia and USS New Jersey.

September 28 - Schneider Trophy race flown at Cowes, UK. Won by David Rittenhouse (USA) in a Curtiss CR.3 at 285.5 km/h (177.4 mph).

October
October 6 - Curtiss R2Cs win first and second place in the Pulitzer Trophy Race, the winning aircraft setting a new airspeed record of 243.6 mph (392 km/h).

October 15 – First British motor glider competition is flown, at Lympne, Kent.

December
December 21 The French dirigible Dixmude exploded over the Mediterranean Sea en route from Cuers-Pierrefeu to Algeria after being struck by lightning. All 52 crew members on board perished.

First flights

January
January 9 - Cierva C.4
January 19 - Armstrong Whitworth Wolf

March
Aero A.18
Hawker Woodcock

May
Gloster Grebe
9 May - Blériot 115

June
June 2 – Boeing XPW-9
June 28 - Armstrong Whitworth Awana

July
July 30 - de Havilland DH.50

August
August 22 - Barling XNBL
August 23 - Polikarpov I-1

September
September 3 - USS Shenandoah
September 3 - Curtiss R2C

October
October 2 - de Havilland Humming Bird
October 23 - Handley Page Hyderabad