Early research into vertical flight:1784-1887

Helicopter model of Launoy and Bienvenu (1784)

Helicopter model of Alphonse Penaud (1870)
Steam engine for helicopter by Enrico Forlanini (1877)
Helicopter of Viscomte de Ponton d'Amecourt (1863)

Design by Gabriel de la Landelle (1863)

Helicopter design by Achenbach (1874)

Enrico Forlanini's helicopter (1877)

Vuiyyon No.2, autogiro model (1887)